B.E. ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

128
ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI :: CHENNAI 600 025
AFFILIATED INSTITUTIONS
REGULATIONS – 2008
CURRICULUM AND SYLLABI FROM VI TO VIII SEMESTERS AND ELECTIVES FOR
B.E. ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
SEMESTER VI
(Applicable to the students admitted from the Academic year 2008 – 2009 onwards)
SL.
No.
COURSE
CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C
THEORY
1. EI2351 Modern Electronic Instrumentation 3 0 0 3
2. EI2352 Process Control 3 1 0 4
3. EI2353 Digital System Design 3 0 0 3
4. EC2361 Digital Signal Processing 3 1 0 4
5. CS2361 Embedded System 3 0 0 3
6. EI2354 Biomedical Instrumentation 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
1. EI2355 Communication and DSP Laboratory 0 0 3 2
2. EI2356 Process Control System Lab 0 0 3 2
3. EI2357 Virtual Instrumentation Lab 0 0 3 2
TOTAL 18 2 9 26
SEMESTER VII
(Applicable to the students admitted from the Academic year 2008 – 2009 onwards)
SL.
No.
COURSE
CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C
THEORY
1. EI2401 Industrial Data Networks 3 0 0 3
2. EI2402 Logic and Distributed Control System 3 0 0 3
3. EI2403 VLSI Design 3 0 0 3
4. EI2404 Fibre Optics and Laser Instruments 3 0 0 3
5. Elective – I 3 0 0 3
6. Elective – II 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
1. EI2405 VLSI Lab 0 0 3 2
2. EI2406 Instrumentation System Design
Laboratory 0 0 3 2
3. EI2407 Comprehension 0 0 2 1
TOTAL 18 0 8 23
129
SEMESTER VIII
(Applicable to the students admitted from the Academic year 2008 – 2009 onwards)
SL.
No.
COURSE
CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C
THEORY
1. MG2351 Principles of Management 3 0 0 3
2. Elective – III 3 0 0 3
3. Elective – IV 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
1. EI2451 Project Work 0 0 12 6
TOTAL 9 0 12 15
B.E ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
LIST OF ELECTIVES - R 2008
ELECTIVE I
SL.NO CODE NO. COURSE TITLE L T P C
1. CS2021 Artificial Intelligence 3 0 0 3
2. CS2022 Computer Architecture 3 0 0 3
3. CS2023 Operating System 3 0 0 3
4. CS2024 Visual Programming 3 0 0 3
ELECTIVE II
5. EI2021 Power Plant Instrumentation 3 0 0 3
6. EI2022 Instrumentation in Petrochemical
Industries
3 0 0 3
7. EI2023 Micro Electro Mechanical Systems 3 0 0 3
8. GE2023 Fundamental of Nanoscience 3 0 0 3
ELECTIVE III
9. EC2021 Digital Image Processing 3 0 0 3
10. EC2022 Advanced Communication Engineering 3 0 0 3
11. EC2023 Advanced Digital Signal Processing 3 0 0 3
12. EC2024 Robotics and Automation 3 0 0 3
ELECTIVE IV
13. GE2022 Total Quality Management 3 0 0 3
14. GE2021 Professional Ethics in Engineering 3 0 0 3
15. IC2021 Digital Control System 3 0 0 3
16. CS2025 Applied Soft Computing 3 0 0 3
130
EI2351 MODERN ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To provide adequate knowkedge in digital instruments, display devices and virtual
instrumentation.
OBJECTIVES
i. To make the students to gain a clear knowledge of the basics of digital
instruments and measurement techniques.
ii. To have an adequate knowledge in various display and recording devices.
iii. To have an elaborate study of communication standards
iv. To have a detailed study of virtual instrumentation and its applications.
UNIT I DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS 9
Digital voltmeters and multimeters –Microprocessor based DMM with auto ranging and
self diagnostic features – Digital IC tester –Frequeny, period, time interval and pulse
width measurement.
UNIT II DISPLAY AND RECORDING DEVICES 9
Cathode ray oscilloscope – General purpose and advanced types – Sampling and
storage scopes – Wave analyzers – Signal and function generators – Distortion factor
meter – Q meter – Seven segment and dot matrix display – X-Y recorders – Magnetic
tape recorders – Digital recording and data loggers.
UNIT III RS 232 AND RS 485 9
Modern instrumentation and control systems – OSI model – EIA 232 Interface standard -
EIA 485 Interface standard - EIA 422 Interface standard – 20 mA current loop – Serial
Interface converters.
UNIT IV VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION 9
Virtual instrumentation – Definition, flexibility – Block diagram and architecture of virtual
instruments – Virtual instruments versus traditional instruments – Review of software in
virtual instrumentation - VI programming techniques – VI , sub VI,loops and charts
,arrays, clusters and graphs, case and sequence structures, formula nodes, string and
file input / output.
UNIT V DATA ACQUISITION CARDS 9
DAQ cards for VI applications – Requirements – DAQ modules with serial
communication – Design of digital voltmeters with transducer input – Design of ON/OFF
controller for temperature control applications.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Chris Nadovich, ‘Synthetic Instruments Concepts and Applications’, Elsevier, 2005.
2. Rick Bitter, Taqi Mohiuddin and Matt Nawrocki, ‘Labview Advanced Programming
Techniques’, CRC Press, Second Edition, 2007.
3. S. Gupta and J.P. Gupta, ‘PC interfacing for data acquisition and process Control’,
second Edition, Instrument Society of America, 1994.
4. Kalsi H.S., “Electronic Instrumentation”, Second Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill Company,
New Delhi, 2004.
5. Sawhney A.K., “A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurement and
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Instrumentation”, Dhanpat Rai and sons, New Delhi, 2003.
REFERENCES
1. Rahman Jamal and Herbert Picklik, LabVIEW – Applications and Solutions, National
Instruments Release ISBN 0130964239.Rah
2. William Buchanan ‘Computer Busses’, CRC Press, 2000.
3. Rangan C.S., Sharma G.R., Mani V.S.V., “Instrumentation devices and Systems”,
Tata Mc Graw Hill Company, New Delhi,.2002.
4. Joseph J Carr, “Elements of Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement”, Third
Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
5. David A. Bell, “Electronic Instrumentation and measurements”, Second Edition,
Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2003.
6. Gupta J.B., “A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurement and
Instrumentation”, 12th Edition, Katson Publishing House, 2003.
EI2352 PROCESS CONTROL L T P C
3 1 0 4
AIM
To provide basic knowledge of controllers, find control elements and the
processes.
OBJECTIVES
i. To study the basic characteristics of first order and higher order processes.
ii. To get adequate knowledge about the characteristics of various controller modes
and methods of tuning of controller.
iii. To study about various complex control schemes.
iv. To study about the construction, characteristics and application of control valves.
v. To study the five selected unit operations and a case study of distillation
column control
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Need for process control – mathematical model of first order level, pressure and thermal
processes – higher order process – interacting and non-interacting systems –
continuous and batch processes – self-regulation – servo and regulator operations.
UNIT II CONTROL ACTIONS AND CONTROLLERS 9
Basic control actions – characteristics of on-off, proportional, single-speed floating,
integral and derivative control modes – P+I, P+D and P+I+D control modes – pneumatic
and electronic controllers to realize various control actions.
UNIT III OPTIMUM CONTROLLER SETTINGS 9
Evaluation criteria – IAE, ISE, ITAE and ¼ decay ratio – determination of optimum
settings for mathematically described processes using time response and frequency
response – Tuning – Process reaction curve method – Ziegler Nichols method –
Damped oscillation method.
UNIT IV MULTILOOP CONTROL 9
Feed-forward control – ratio control- cascade control – inferential control – split-range
control – introduction to multivariable control – examples from distillation column and
boiler systems.
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UNIT V FINAL CONTROL ELEMENT 9
I/P converter – pneumatic and electric actuators – valve positioner – control valves –
characteristics of control valves – inherent and installed characteristics – valve body –
commercial valve bodies – control valve sizing – cavitation and flashing – selection
criteria.
L: 45, T: 15, TOTAL= 60 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Stephanopoulis, G, ‘Chemical Process Control,’ Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,
1990.
2. Eckman. D.P., Automatic Process Control, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1993.
REFERENCES
1. Pollard A.’Process Control’, Heinemann educational books, London, 1971.
2. Harriott. P., ‘Process Control,’ Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1991.
EI2353 DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
The course is designed to introduce the fundamental concepts and design of digital
system.
OBJECTIVES
 To introduce the most common digital logic families.
 To provide introduction to programmable logic devices such as PLA, PAL, FPGA,
CPLD etc.
 To provide introduction to Digital Memories. Such as ROM, RAM, SRAM, etc.
 To discuss case studies on Digital System design.
UNIT I DIGITAL LOGIC FAMILIES 9
TTL, CMOS, NMOS, Dynamic MOS , ECL, I2L, Operating conditions, Parameters,
Interpreting data sheets. Power supply grounding considerations for digital ICs, TTL – to
– CMOS Interface, CMOS – to – TTL interface.
UNIT II PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES 9
Programmable logic Arrays, Programmable array logic, Realizing logic function using
Multiplexers, Decoders, ROM, PLA, PAL. Design of sequential Networks using PAL,
PLA – Programmable Gate arrays – FPGA – CPLD.
UNIT III DIGITAL MEMORIES 9
The role of Memory in a system – memory types and terminology – ROM – types of
ROM – RAM – SRAM – DRAM – Expanding word size and capacity – Applications.
UNIT IV DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN CASE STUDIES 9
Multiplexing displays – Frequency counters – Time measurement – Digital voltmeter –
PRBS generator – Interfacing with flash memory.
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UNIT V DESIGN FOR TESTABILITY 9
Teatability – Ad hoc design for testing techniques – controllability and observability by
means of scan registers – Generic scan based designa – Board level and system level
DFT approaches.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Charles H.Roth, ‘Fundamentals Logic Design’, Jaico Publishing, IV edition, 2002.
2. Donald. P. Leach, Albert paul Malvino, Goutam Suha,’Digital Principles and
Applications’ Tata McGraw – Hill , Sixth edition .
3. Miron Abramonici, Melvin. A. Rrewer, Arthur.D. Friedman,’Digital system testing and
testable design’, Jaico publishing house.
REFERENCES
1. Theodore. F. Bogart,’ Introduction to Digital Circuits’, McGraw – Hill International
edn.1992
2. Ronald J.Tocci, Neal .S. Widmer,’Digital System Principles and Applications’,
Pearson Education, 8th edition, Asia, 2002.
EC2361 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING L T P C
3 1 0 4
AIM
To introduce the concept of analyzing discrete time signals & systems in the time
and frequency domain.
OBJECTIVES
 To classify signals and systems & their mathematical representation.
 To analyse the discrete time systems.
 To study various transformation techniques & their computation.
 To study about filters and their design for digital implementation.
 To study about a programmable digital signal processor & quantization effects.
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Classification of systems: Continuous, discrete, linear, causal, stable, dynamic,
recursive, time variance; classification of signals: continuous and discrete, energy and
power; mathematical representation of signals; spectral density; sampling techniques,
quantization, quantization error, Nyquist rate, aliasing effect. Digital signal
representation.
UNIT II DISCRETE TIME SYSTEM ANALYSIS 9
Z-transform and its properties, inverse z-transforms; difference equation – Solution by
z-transform, application to discrete systems - Stability analysis, frequency response –
Convolution – Fourier transform of discrete sequence – Discrete Fourier series.
UNIT III DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM & COMPUTATION 9
DFT properties, magnitude and phase representation - Computation of DFT using FFT
algorithm – DIT & DIF - FFT using radix 2 – Butterfly structure.
134
UNIT IV DESIGN OF DIGITAL FILTERS 9
FIR & IIR filter realization – Parallel & cascade forms. FIR design: Windowing
Techniques – Need and choice of windows – Linear phase characteristics. IIR design:
Analog filter design - Butterworth and Chebyshev approximations; digital design using
impulse invariant and bilinear transformation - Warping, prewarping - Frequency
transformation.
UNIT V DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS 9
Introduction – Architecture – Features – Addressing Formats – Functional modes -
Introduction to Commercial Processors
L: 45, T: 15, TOTAL= 60 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. J.G. Proakis and D.G. Manolakis, ‘Digital Signal Processing Principles, Algorithms
and Applications’, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2003 / PHI.
2. S.K. Mitra, ‘Digital Signal Processing – A Computer Based Approach’, Tata McGraw
Hill, New Delhi, 2001.
REFERENCES
1. Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer and John R. Buck, ‘Discrete – Time Signal
Processing’, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2003.
2. Emmanuel C Ifeachor and Barrie W Jervis ,”Digital Signal Processing – A Practical
approach” Pearson Education, Second edition, 2002.
3. Steven W. Smith, “The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing”,
Second Edition, California Technical Publishing San Diego, lifornia.(www.DSPguide.com)
4. B. Venkataramani, M. Bhaskar, ‘Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming
and Applications’, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2003.
CS2361 EMBEDDED SYSTEM L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To understand the basic concepts of embedded system design and its
applications to various fields.
OBJECTIVES
To provide a clear understanding of
 Embedded system terminologies and its devices.
 Various Embedded software Tools
 Design and architecture of Memories.
 Architecture of processor and memory organizations.
 Input/output interfacing
 Various processor scheduling algorithms.
 Basics of Real time operating systems.
 Introduction to PIC and its applications
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 9
Introduction to embedded real time systems – The build process for embedded systems
– Embedded system design process-Embedded computory applications-Types of
memory – Memory management methods.
135
UNIT II EMBEDDED SYSTEM ORGANIZATION 9
Structural units in processor , selection of processor & memory devices – DMA – I/O
devices : timer & counting devices – Serial communication using I2C , CAN USB buses –
Parallel communication using ISA , PCI ,PCI/X buses – Device drivers
UNIT III PROGRAMMING AND SCHEDULING 9
Intel I/O instructions – Synchronization - Transfer rate, latency; interrupt driven input
and output - Nonmaskable interrupts, software interrupts, Preventing interrupts overrun
- Disability interrupts. Multithreaded programming –Context Switching, Preemptive and
non-preemptive multitasking, semaphores. Scheduling-thread states, pending threads,
context switching
UNIT IV REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS 9
Introduction to basic concepts of RTOS, Unix as a Real Time Operating system – Unix
based Real Time operating system - Windows as a Real time operating system –
POSIX – RTOS-Interrupt handling - A Survey of contemporary Real time Operating
systems:PSOS, VRTX, VxWorks, QNX, чC/OS-II, RT Linux – Benchmarking Real time
systems - Basics,
UNIT V PIC MICROCONTROLLER BASED EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN 9
PIC microcontroller – MBasic compiler and Development boards – The Basic Output and
digital input – Applications
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Rajkamal, ‘Embedded system-Architecture, Programming, Design’, Tatamcgraw Hill,
2003.
2. Daniel W. Lewis, ‘Fundamentals of Embedded Software’, Prentice Hall of India, 2004.
REFERENCES
1. Jack R Smith “Programming the PIC microcontroller with MBasic” Elsevier, 2007
2. Tammy Noergaard, “Embedded Systems Architecture”, Elsevier, 2006
3. Rajib Mall “Real-Time systems Theory and Practice” Pearson Education 2007
4. Sriram. V.Iyer & Pankaj Gupta, ‘Embedded real time systems Programming’, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2004.
5. Wayne Wolf, ‘Computer as Components ‘, Pearson Education
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EI2354 BIO–MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
The course is designed to make the student acquire an adequate knowledge of
the physiological systems of the human body and relate them to the parameters that
have clinical importance. The fundamental principles of equipment that are actually in
use at the present day are introduced.
OBJECTIVES
i. To provide an acquaintance of the physiology of the heart, lung, blood circulation
and circulation respiration. Biomedical applications of different transducers used.
ii. To introduce the student to the various sensing and measurement devices of
electrical origin. To provide awareness of electrical safety of medical equipments
iii. To provide the latest ideas on devices of non-electrical devices.
iv. To bring out the important and modern methods of imaging techniques.
v. To provide latest knowledge of medical assistance / techniques and therapeutic
equipments.
UNIT I PHYSIOLOGY AND TRANSDUCERS 9
Cell and its structure – Resting and Action Potential – Nervous system: Functional
organisation of the nervous system – Structure of nervous system, neurons - synapse –
transmitters and neural communication – Cardiovascular system – respiratory system –
Basic components of a biomedical system - Transducers – selection criteria – Piezo
electric, ultrasonic transducers - Temperature measurements - Fibre optic temperature
sensors.
UNIT II ELECTRO – PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS 9
Electrodes –Limb electrodes –floating electrodes – pregelled disposable electrodes -
Micro, needle and surface electrodes – Amplifiers: Preamplifiers, differential amplifiers,
chopper amplifiers – Isolation amplifier.
ECG – EEG – EMG – ERG – Lead systems and recording methods – Typical
waveforms.
Electrical safety in medical environment: shock hazards – leakage current-Instruments
for checking safety parameters of biomedical equipments
UNIT III NON-ELECTRICAL PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS 9
Measurement of blood pressure – Cardiac output – Heart rate – Heart sound –
Pulmonary function measurements – spirometer – Photo Plethysmography, Body
Plethysmography – Blood Gas analysers : pH of blood –measurement of blood pCO2,
pO2, finger-tip oxymeter - ESR, GSR measurements .
UNIT IV MEDICAL IMAGING 9
Radio graphic and fluoroscopic techniques – Computer tomography – MRI –
Ultrasonography – Endoscopy – Thermography – Different types of biotelemetry
systems and patient monitoring – Introduction to Biometric systems
UNIT V ASSISTING AND THERAPEUTIC EQUIPMENTS 9
Pacemakers – Defibrillators – Ventilators – Nerve and muscle stimulators – Diathermy –
Heart – Lung machine – Audio meters – Dialysers – Lithotripsy
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
137
TEXT BOOKS
1. R.S.Khandpur, ‘Hand Book of Bio-Medical instrumentation’, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Co Ltd., 2003.
2. Leslie Cromwell, Fred J.Weibell, Erich A.Pfeiffer, ‘Bio-Medical Instrumentation and
Measurements’, II edition, Pearson Education, 2002 / PHI.
REFERENCES
1. M.Arumugam, ‘Bio-Medical Instrumentation’, Anuradha Agencies, 2003.
2. L.A. Geddes and L.E.Baker, ‘Principles of Applied Bio-Medical Instrumentation’,
John Wiley & Sons, 1975.
3. J.Webster, ‘Medical Instrumentation’, John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
4. C.Rajarao and S.K. Guha, ‘Principles of Medical Electronics and Bio-medical
Instrumentation’, Universities press (India) Ltd, Orient Longman ltd, 2000.
EI2355 COMMUNICATION AND DSP LABORATORY LT P C
0 0 3 2
OBJECTIVE
To understand the concepts of various modulation techniques and to have an indepth
knowledge of various signal processing techniques.
1. Generation and Detection of Amplitude Modulation
2. Generation of Frequency Modulation and its Detection
3. Generation and Detection of PAM
4. Generation of BFSK and its Detection
5. Generation of standard inputs using simulation package
6. Analysis of Linear Systems [with Convolution and Deconvolution Operation]
7. FIR Filter Design (any one Technique)
8. IIR Filter Design (any one Technique)
9. Implementation of FFT algorithm
10 Implementation of Interpolation and Decimation function
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
Detailed Syllabus
1. Generation and Detection of Amplitude Modulation
Aim:
To study the working concept of Amplitude Modulation and detection
Objective:
1. To study the modulation of message signal using high frequency carrier
2. To study the detection of message signal from the modulated signal
Exercise
Modulation
1. Construct a modulation circuit using discrete components.
2. Using signal generators, give message signal and high frequency carrier.
3. Using CRO, observe Emax and Emin of modulated wave and find out
modulation index
Detection
1. Construct demodulated circuit
138
2. Give modulated wave as input
3. Measure the amplitude and frequency of modulating signal
Equipments Required
1. Signal Generators
2. Power supply
3. CRO
2. Generation of Frequency Modulation and its Detection
Aim:
To understand the working concept of Frequency Modulation and Detection
Objective:
1. To study Frequency Modulation for the given modulated signal
2. To study Frequency Detection from the Frequency Modulated signal
Exercise
Modulation
1. Construct a Frequency Modulation Circuit
2. Give Modulating Signal and Carrier using Signal Generators
3. Using CRO, Observe Frequency Deviation and calculate Modulation Index
Detection
1. Give Frequency Modulated Signal as input to the detector circuit
2. Using CRO, Observe Frequency and Amplitude of modulating signal.
Equipments Required
1. Signal Generators
2. CRO
3. Power Supply
3. Generation and Detection of PAM
Aim:
To study the working concept of PAM and its detection
Objective
1. To study PAM for the given Message Signal using Pulse train
2. To study the detection of message signal from the PAM Signal
Exercise
Modulation
1. Construct a circuit using discrete components
2. Give analog message signal, pulse train carrier using signal generators
3. Using CRO, Observe the amplitude of the pulses of PAM Signal
Detection
1. Give PAM Signal to the detection circuit
2. Observe the Amplitude and Frequency of Message signal
Equipments Required
1. CRO
2. Signal Generators
3. Power Supply
4. Generation and Detection of BFSK
Aim:
To study the concept of BFSK Generation and its Detection
Objective
1. To study BFSK Concept for the given analog modulating Signal.
2. To Study the retrieved Modulating Signal from the BFSK Signal.
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Exercise
Modulation
1. Construct BFSK Circuit using discrete components
2. Using Signal Generators, Give Message input Pulse Carrier to the circuit
3. Observe the amplitude and difference frequencies of output pulse train
Detection
1. Construct a Detection Circuit
2. Give BFSK Signal to the circuit and observe the amplitude and frequency of
output
Equipments Required
1. CRO
2. Signal Generators
3. Power supply
5. Generation of standard test inputs using simulate package
Aim:
To generate different signals (Signals and Sequences) Using MATLAB
Objective:
1. To Generate Signals (Sine Wave, Exponential Wave, Sawtooth Wave)
2. To generate sequences (Impulse sequence, Step Sequence)
Exercise
1. Generate Signals using Sine, Exponential, Step Functions
2. Generate Sequences such as Impulse Sequences, Step Sequences using
Expression Ex. Cos (2*pi*t)
Software Required:
MATLAB
6. Analysis of Linear System [With Convolution and Deconvolution Operation]
Aim:
To Study Linear Convolution of two sequences
Objective:
1. To analyze Convolution and deconvolution of two sequences using CONV,
DECONV Functions
Exercise:
1. Generate Convolved Sequences using CONV function
2. Generate Convolved output using FFT.
7. FIR Filter Design
Aim:
To Design FIR Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass filters using MATLAB
Objective:
1. To design FIR Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass filters using Windowing
Technique (Rectangular Window)
Exercise
1. Get the Passband and Stopband ripples
2. Get the Passband and Stopband edge frequencies
3. Get the sampling Frequency
4. Calculate the order of the filter
5. Find the window coefficients
6. Draw the magnitude and phase responses
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MATLAB Functions
fir1, freqz
8. IIR Filter Design (any one technique)
Aim:
To design a IIR Filter
Objective
To design Butterworth IIR Filter using MATLAB
Exercise:
1. Get the Passband and Stopband ripples
2. Get the Passband and Stopband edge Frequencies
3. Get the sampling Frequency
4. Calculate the order of the filter
5. Find the filter coefficients
6. Draw the magnitude and phase responses
MATLAB Functions
buttord, butter, freqz
9. Implementation of FFT algorithm
Aim:
To find out FFT of the given sequence
Objective
1. To find out FFT of the given Sequence using FFT function
Exercise
1. Find out FFT of the sequence using FFT function
MATLAB FUNCTION
FFT
10 Implementation of Interpolation and Decimation function
Aim:
To implementation of interpolate and decimate the given Signal
Objective
To interpolate and decimate the given signal
Exercise
Find out interpolation and Decimation of given signal using interpolate and
decimate function
MATLAB FUNCTION
Interpolate, Decimate
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EI2356 PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM LABORATORY L T P C
0 0 3 2
OBJECTIVE
To experimentally verify the process control concepts on the selected process
control loops.
1. Operation of interacting and non-interacting systems
2. Responses of different order processes with and without transportation lag
3. Response of on-off controller
4. Response of P+I+D controller
5. Characteristics of control valve with and without positioner
6. Operation of on-off controlled thermal process
7. Closed loop response of flow control loop
8. Closed loop response of level control loop
9. Closed loop response of temperature control loop
10. Closed loop response of pressure control loop
11. Tuning of controllers
12. Study of complex control system (ratio / cascade / feed forward)
TOTAL = 45 PERIODS
1. Study of interacting and non- interacting systems
Aim
To study the operation of interacting and non- interacting systems
Exercise
1. Connect the two tank system (Level process) in series (as non- interacting
system)
2. Check whether level in tank is affected due to changes made in the second
tank.
3. Connect the two tank system in series (as interfacing as system).
4. Check whether level in tank 1 is affected due to changes made in the second
tank.
5. Determine the transfer function of individual and overall system.
Equipment
1. Two tank system with provision for making them as interfacing and noninterfacing.
– 1 No
2. Level transmitters – 1 No
3. Recorder – 1 No
2. Response of different order processes with and without transportation
delay
Aim
To determine the transient response of a first order process with and
without transportation delay and second order process with and without
transportation delay to step change in input.
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Exercise
1. Record the transient response to a step change of first order process and
second order process (Level or thermal (or) any process) with and without
transportation lag.
2.Calculate the process gain, time constant and dead time of the process from
the step response.
Equipment
1. Two tank system with provision for transportation delay (Non – interacting
process)
2. Level transmitter – 1 No
3. Recorder – 1 No
3. Response of P+I+D controller
Aim
To investigate the operation of an electronic controllers with P, P+I and
P+I+D action.
Exercise
1. Plot the response of P, P+I, P+D and P+I+D controllers to step and ramp
inputs.
2. Determine the calibration of the proportional, Integral and derivative
adjustments.
Equipment
1. Electronic PID controller – 1 No
2. Source for generating step and ramp inputs – 1 No
3. Recorder – 1 No
4. Digital Multimeter – 1 No
4. Characteristics of control valve with and without valve positioner
Aim
To determine the flow – lift characteristics (Internet / Installed) of a control
valve equipped with and without valve positioner.
Exercise
1. Plot the flow – lift characteristics of the given valve without positioner
keeping
(i) Constant ΔP
(ii) Variable ΔP
2. Compute the valve gain at different operating points.
3. Plot the flow – lift characteristics of the given with positioner keeping.
i. Constant ΔP
ii. Variable ΔP
4. Compute the valve gain at different operating points.
Equipment
1. Control valve trainer (with position for varying ΔP across the valve) - 1 No
2. Flowmeter - 1No
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5. Closed loop response of flow control loop
Aim
To obtain the closed loop response of flow control loop for servo and regulator
Operation.
Exercise
1. Closed – loop connection is made in the flow process station.
2. The flow controller (P+I) is tuned using any one of the tuning techniques.
3. The response of the control loop is obtained for changes in the set point.
4. The response of the control loop is obtained for changes in the load variable.
5. The step 3 and 4 are repeated for different controller modes and settings.
Equipment
1. Flow process station with all accessories - 1 No
2. Analog / Digital PID controller - 1 No
3. Recorder - 1 No
6. Closed loop response of level control loop
Aim
To obtain the closed loop response of level control loop for servo and regulator
operation.
Exercise
1. Closed loop connection is made in the level process station.
2. The level controller (P+I) is tuned using any one of the tuning techniques.
3. The response of the control loop is obtained for changes in the set point.
4. The response of the control loop is obtained for changes in the load variable.
5. The step 3 and step 4 are repeated for different controller modes and
settings.
Equipment
1. Level process station with all accessories - 1 No
2. Analog / Digital PID controller - 1 No
3. Recorder - 1 No
7. Closed loop response of temperature control loop
Aim
To obtain the closed loop response of temperature control loop for servo
and regulator operation.
Exercise
1. Closed-loop connection is made in the temperature process station.
2. The temperature controller (P+I+D) is tuned using any one of the tuning
techniques.
3. The response of the control loop is obtained for changes in the set point.
4. The response of the control loop is obtained for changes in the load
variable.
5. The step 3 and 4 are repeated for different controller modes and settings.
144
Equipment
1. Temperature process station with all accessories - 1 No
2. Analog / Digital PID controller - 1 No
3. Recorder - 1 No
8. Closed loop response of pressure control loop
Aim
To obtain the closed loop response of pressure control loop for servo and
regulator operation.
Exercise
1. Closed – loop connection is made in the pressure process station.
2. The pressure controller (P+I) is tuned using any one of the tuning techniques.
3. The response of the control loop is obtained for changes in the set point.
4. The response of the control loop is obtained for changes in the load variable.
5. The step 3 and 4 are repeated for different controller modes and settings.
Equipment
1. Pressure process station with all accessories - 1 No
2. Analog / Digital PID controller - 1 No
3. Recorder - 1 No
9. Tuning of PID controller
Aim
To determine the controller settings of a given process using two popular
tuning techniques.
Exercise
1. Plot the process reaction curve for the given process (higher order
process)
2. From the reaction curve, calculate the process gain, time constant and
dead time using the above process parameters calculate the Kc, Ti, Td
valves using the appropriate thumb rules.
3. Conduct the closed loop test as per Z-N method [continuous cycling
method] and determine the ultimate gain (Ku) and ultimate period (Pu),
calculate the controller parameters (Kc, Ti, Td) using Ziegler Nichol’s
closed loop tuning approach.
Equipment
1. Process control trainer / real time process (level / thermal process) - 1 No
2. Recorder - 1 No
3. PID controller - 1 No
10. Response of cascade control system
Aim
To determine the closed loop performance of a cascade control system and
compare it with that of conventional control system.
Exercise
1. The secondary and primary controllers are tuned using any one of the
tuning techniques.
2. Obtain the closed loop response of cascade control system with the load
variable entering the inner loop.
145
3. Obtain the closed loop regulating response with conventional control
system.
4. Compare the performance of conventional control system and cascade
control system internal of peak overshoot, setting time, I&E etc
Equipment
1. Cascade control system with flow as inner variable and liquid level as outer
variable with following accessories.
2. Level transmitter - 1 No
3. Flow transmitter - 1 No
4. Control valve - 1 No
5. Analog / Digital PID controller - 1 No
6. Recorder - 1 No
EI2357 VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION LAB L T P C
0 0 3 2
1. Creating Virtual Instrumentation for simple applications
2. Programming exercises for loops and charts
3. Programming exercises for clusters and graphs.
4. Programming exercises on case and sequence structures, file Input / Output.
5. Data acquisition through Virtual Instrumentation.
6. Developing voltmeter using DAQ cards.
7. Developing signal generator using DAQ cards.
8. Simulating reactor control using Virtual Instrumentation.
9. Real time temperature control using Virtual Instrumentation.
10. Real time sequential control of any batch process.
LABORATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR BATCH OF 30 STUDENTS
Sl.No. Specifications Qty
1. Laboratory Virtual Instrumentaion Engineering
Software Package
30 users
License
2. PCI /USB DAQ Boards 2 N os.
3. Temperature Control Test Rig using Laboratory Virtual
Instrumentation Enginering Software Package and
Hardware Models
1 No.
4. Sequential Control using Laboratory Virtual
Instrumentation Engineering Software Package and
Hardware Models.
1 No.
146
EI2401 INDUSTRIAL DATA NETWORKS L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To learn more about the industrial data communication protocols.
OBJECTIVES
i. To understand basic data networks
ii. To learn the basic of inter networking
iii. To have adequate knowledge in various communication protocol.
iv. To study industrial data communication.
UNIT I DATA NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS 9
Network hierarchy and switching – Open System Interconnection model of ISO– Data
link control protocol: - HDLC – Media access protocol – Command/response – Token
passing – CSMA/CD, TCP/IP
UNIT II INTER NETWORKING 9
Bridges – Routers – Gateways –Standard ETHERNET and ARCNET configurationspecial
requirement for networks used for control.
UNIT III HART AND FIELDBUS 9
Introduction- Evolution of signal standard – HART communication protocol –
Communication modes – HART networks – HART commands – HART applications.
Fieldbus: – Introduction – General Fieldbus architecture – Basic requirements of Field
bus standard – Fieldbus topology – Interoperability – Interchangeability – Introduction to
OLE for process control (OPC).
UNIT IV MODBUS and PROFIBUS PA/DP/FMS AND FF 9
MODBUS protocol structure – function codes – troubleshooting
Profibus: Introduction – profibus protocol stack – profibus communication model –
communication objects – system operation – troubleshooting – review of foundation field
bus.
UNIT V INDUSTRIAL ETHERNET AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION 9
Industrial Ethernet : Introduction – 10Mbps Ethernet, 100Mbps Ethernet.
Radio and wireless communication : Introduction – components of radio link – the radio
spectrum and frequency allocation – radio modems.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Steve Mackay, Edwin Wrijut, Deon Reynders, John Park, ‘Practical Industrial Data
networks Design, Installation and Troubleshooting’, Newnes publication, Elsevier First
edition, 2004.
2. William Buchanan ‘Computer Busses’, CRC Press, 2000.
REFERENCES
1. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, ‘Modern Operating Systems’, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. LTD,
2003
2. Theodore S. Rappaport, ‘Wireless communication: Principles & Practice’, 2nd Edition,
2001 Prentice Hall of India
3. Willam Stallings, ‘ Wireless Communiction & Networks’ 2nd Edition, 2005, Prentice
Hall of India
147
EI2402 LOGIC AND DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To illustrate the concept of programmable logic controllers and distributed control
system.
OBJECTIVES
i. To give an introductory knowledge about PLC and the programming languages.
ii. To give adequate knowledge about of application of PLC.
iii. To give basic knowledge in the architecture and local control unit of distributed
control system.
iv. To give adequate information in the interfaces used in DCS.
v. To give basic knowledge about Computer Controlled Systems.
UNIT I PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER 9
Evolution of PLC’s – Components of PLC – Advantages over relay logic – Architecture of
PLC– Programming devices - Discrete and Analog I/O modules – Programming
languages –– Ladder diagram – Programming timers and counters – Design of PLC.
UNIT II APPLICATIONS OF PLC 9
Instructions in PLC – Program control instructions, math instructions, sequencer
instructions – Use of PC as PLC – Application of PLC – Case study of bottle filling
system.
UNIT III COMPUTER CONTROLLED SYSTEMS 9
Basic building blocks of Computer controlled systems – SCADA – data Acquisition
System – supervisory Control – Direct digital Control .
UNIT IV DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM 9
DCS - Architectures – Comparison – Local control unit – Process interfacing issues –
Communication facilities.
UNIT V INTERFACES IN DCS 9
Operator interfaces - Low level and high level operator interfaces – Operator displays -
Engineering interfaces – Low level and high level engineering interfaces – General
purpose computers in DCS.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Petruzella, ‘Industrial Electronics’, McGraw Hill, Second edition, 1997.
2. Michael P. Lukas, ‘Distributed Control System’, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Canada,
1986.
3. John. W. Webb Ronald A Reis - Programmable Logic Controllers - Principles and
Applications, Fourth edition, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey, 1998.
REFERENCES
1. T. Hughes, ‘Programmable Logic Controllers’, ISA press,2007.
2. Krishna Kant – ‘Computer based Industrial Control’, Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 1997.
148
EI2403 VLSI DESIGN L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To introduce the technology and concepts of VLSI.
OBJECTIVES
i. To introduce MOS theory / Manufacturing Technology.
ii. To study inverter / counter logic / stick / machine diagram / sequential circuits.
iii. To study address / memory / arithmetic circuits.
iv. To introduce FPGA architecture / principles / system design.
v. To get familiarised with VHDL programming behavioural/Structural/concurrent/
process.
UNIT I BASIC MOS TRANSISTOR 9
Enhancement mode and Depletion mode – Fabrication (NMOS, PMOS, CMOS,
BiCMOS) Technology – NMOS transistor current equation – Second order effects –
MOS Transistor Model.
UNIT II NMOS AND CMOS INVERTER AND GATES 9
NMOS and CMOS inverter – Determination of pull up / pull down ratios – Stick diagram
– lambda based rules – Super buffers – BiCMOS & steering logic.
UNIT III SUB-SYSTEM DESIGN AND LAYOUT 9
Structured design of combinational circuits – Dynamic CMOS & clocking – Tally circuits
– (NAND-NAND, NOR-NOR and AOI logic) – EXOR structure – Multiplexer structures –
Barrel shifter, high speed adder and multiplier circuits.
UNIT IV DESIGN OF COMBINATIONAL ELEMENTS AND REGULAR ARRAY
LOGIC 9
NMOS PLA – Programmable Logic Devices - Finite State Machine PLA – Introduction to
FPGA.
UNIT V VHDL PROGRAMMING 9
RTL Design – simulation and synthesis - Combinational logic – Types – Operators –
Packages – Sequential circuit – Sub-programs – Test benches. (Examples: adders,
counters, flipflops, FSM, Multiplexers / Demultiplexers).
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. D.A.Pucknell, K.Eshraghian, ‘Basic VLSI Design’, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall of India,
New Delhi, 2003.
2. Rabey, J.M., ‘Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective’, Prentice Hall, 1955
3. Bhasker, J., VHDL Primer, Prentice Hall 1995
REFERENCES
1. Eugene D.Fabricius, ‘Introduction to VLSI Design’, Tata McGraw Hill, 1990.
2. N.H.Weste, ‘Principles of CMOS VLSI Design’, Pearson Eduction, India, 2002.
3. Zainalatsedin Navabi, ‘VHDL Analysis and Modelling of Digital Systems’, 2nd Edition,
Tata McGraw Hill, 1998.
4. Douglas Perry, ‘VHDL Programming by example’, Tata McGraw Hill, 3rd Edition,
2003
149
EI2404 FIBRE OPTICS AND LASER INSTRUMENTS L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To contribute to the knowledge of Fibre optics and Laser Instrumentation and its
Industrial and Medical Application.
OBJECTIVES
i. To expose the students to the basic concepts of optical fibres and their properties.
ii. To provide adequate knowledge about the Industrial applications of optical fibres.
iii. To expose the students to the Laser fundamentals.
iv. To provide adequate knowledge about Industrial application of lasers.
v. To provide adequate knowledge about holography and Medical applications of
Lasers.
UNIT I OPTICAL FIBRES AND THEIR PROPERTIES 9
Principles of light propagation through a fibre - Different types of fibres and their
properties, fibre characteristics – Absorption losses – Scattering losses – Dispersion –
Connectors and splicers – Fibre termination – Optical sources – Optical detectors.
UNIT II INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF OPTICAL FIBRES 9
Fibre optic sensors – Fibre optic instrumentation system – Different types of modulators
– Interferometric method of measurement of length – Moire fringes – Measurement of
pressure, temperature, current, voltage, liquid level and strain.
UNIT III LASER FUNDAMENTALS 9
Fundamental characteristics of lasers – Three level and four level lasers – Properties of
laser – Laser modes – Resonator configuration – Q-switching and mode locking – Cavity
damping – Types of lasers – Gas lasers, solid lasers, liquid lasers, semiconductor
lasers.
UNIT IV INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF LASERS 9
Laser for measurement of distance, length, velocity, acceleration, current, voltage and
Atmospheric effect – Material processing – Laser heating, welding, melting and trimming
of material – Removal and vaporization.
UNIT V HOLOGRAM AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS 9
Holography – Basic principle - Methods – Holographic interferometry and application,
Holography for non-destructive testing – Holographic components – Medical
applications of lasers, laser and tissue interactive – Laser instruments for surgery,
removal of tumors of vocal cards, brain surgery, plastic surgery, gynaecology and
oncology.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. J.M. Senior, ‘Optical Fibre Communication – Principles and Practice’, Prentice Hall of
India, 1985.
2. J. Wilson and J.F.B. Hawkes, ‘Introduction to Opto Electronics’, Prentice Hall of
India, 2001.
150
REFERENCES
1. G. Keiser, ‘Optical Fibre Communication’, McGraw Hill, 1995.
2. M. Arumugam, ‘Optical Fibre Communication and Sensors’, Anuradha Agencies,
2002.
3. John F. Read, ‘Industrial Applications of Lasers’, Academic Press, 1978.
4. Monte Ross, ‘Laser Applications’, McGraw Hill, 1968
EI2405 VLSI LABORATORY L T P C
0 0 3 2
OBJECTIVE
To study synthesis, simulation and schematic of various digital combinational
circuits using FPGA on Xilink simulator.
1. Study of Synthesis tools
 Half and full adder.
 Decoder – 2 x 4, 3 x 8
 Priority encoder.
 Ripple adder.
 4 – Bit ripple counter.
 Code conversion.
All the above synthesis in three modeling styles - data flow, structural and behavioral
2. Study of Simulation using tools
 Half adder.
 Multiplexer – 2 x 1, 4 x 1
 Demultiplexer – 1 x 2, 1 x 4
All the above synthesis in three modeling styles - data flow, structural and behavioral
3. Study of Simulation using tools
 Flipflop – D, T
 Priority encoder.
 Ripple adder.
 4 – Bit ripple counter.
All the above synthesis in three modeling styles - data flow, structural and behavioral
4. Study of development tool for FPGAs for schematic entry and verilog
 Full adder, half adder.
 Demultiplexer – 1 x 2, 1 x 4.
5. Design and simulation of pipelined serial and parallel adder to add/ subtract 8
number of size, 12 bits each in 2's complement.
6. Place and Root and Back annotation for FPGAs
7. Design and simulation of back annotated verilog files for multiplying two signed, 8 bit
numbers in 2's complement.
8. Study of FPGA board and testing on board LEDs and switches using verilog code.
9. Design a Realtime Clock (2 digits, 7 segments LED displays each for HRS., MTS,
and SECS.) and demonstrate its working on the FPGA board.
 to display binary number on the FPGA.
10. Design of traffic light controller using verilog tools .
 Movement of vehicles in any direction or pedestrian in any direction.
151
Detailed Syllabus
1. Study of Synthesis tools
Adder/encoder/decoder/counter/converter.
Aim
To study the synthesis of various combinational circuits on Xilink(ISE9.1) tool
usingHardware Descriptive Language(HDL).
Exercise
Write a HDL program in three modeling styles - data flow, structural and behavioral.
using verilog and perform the synthesis of following combinational circuits
 Half and full adder.
 Decoder – 2 x 4, 3 x 8
 Priority encoder.
 Ripple adder.
 4 – Bit ripple counter.
 Code conversion.
2. Study of Simulation using tools
Adder/encoder/decoder/counter/multiplexer.
Aim
To study the simulation of various combinational circuits on Xilink(ISE9.1) tool
using Hardware Descriptive Language(HDL).
Exercise
Write a HDL program in three modeling styles - data flow, structural and
behavioral.
using verilog and simulate the following combinational circuits
 Half adder.
 Multiplexer – 2 x 1, 4 x 1
 Demultiplexer – 1 x 2, 1 x 4
3. Study of Simulation using tools
Adder/encoder/decoder/counter/multiplexer.
Aim
To study the simulation of various combinational circuits on Xilink(ISE9.1) tool
using Hardware Descriptive Language(HDL).
Exercise
Write a HDL program in three modeling styles - data flow, structural and
behavioral.using verilog and simulate the following combinational circuits
 Flipflop – D, T
 Priority encoder.
 Ripple adder.
 4– Bit ripple counter
4. Study of development tool for FPGAs for schematic entry and verilog.
Adder /demultiplexer.
Aim
To draw the schematic and generate the verilog code.
Exercise
Draw the schematic using Xilink(ISE9.1) tool and generate the verilog code for the
152
following digital circuits and observe the simulated output
a. Full adder, half adder.
b. Demultiplexer – 1 x 2, 1 x 4.
5. Design and simulation of pipelined serial and parallel adder to add/ subtract 8 number
of size, 12 bits each in 2's complement.
Aim
To design and simulate the pipelined 12 bit serial/parallel adder/subtractor.
Exercise
1. Write a verilog code to add/subtract 8 numbers of 12 bits each and verify the
result after addition of every 2 numbers
2. Verify the result after adding all 8 numbers and simulate the output.
6. Place and Root and Back annotation for FPGAs
Aim
To calculate the propagation delay produced by back annotated circuit from the
already software designed circuit..
Exercise
Write the verilog code and develop the following combinational circuit using s/w
in the design layout that is produced. Make the required changes in the rooting
as per the required propagation delay.
1. Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
2. Encoder/Decoder.
7. Design and simulation of back annotated verilog files for multiplying two signed, 8 bit
numbers in 2's complement. Design must be pipelined and completely RTL compliant
Aim
To design and simulate back annotated circuit using verilog code.
Exercise
Write the verilog code and develop the following combinational circuit using s/w
in the design layout that is produced.
1. Pipelined structure of multiplication of two signed 8 bit numbers.
2. View RTL model
8. Study of FPGA board and testing on board LEDs and switches using verilog code.
Aim
To study the FPGA board and testing on-board LED’s and switches using ISE9.1
simulator.
Exercise
 Write the verilog code in three modeling styles - data flow, structural and
behavioral to accept the input from switches and display the output in LEDs.
 Synthesis the program and view RTL model.
 Download the program into FPGA for testing on board LED’s and switches.
9. Design a Realtime Clock (2 digits, 7 segments LED displays each for HRS., MTS,
and SECS.) and demonstrate its working on the FPGA board. An expansion card is
required for the displays.
c. to display binary number on the FPGA.
Aim
153
To design and test the real time clock on FPGA board.
Exercise
 Write the verilog code to display hrs, mts and secs.
 Synthesis, simulate and download the program on the RTC board.
10. Design of traffic light controller using verilog tools .
d. Movement of vehicles in any direction or pedestrian in any direction.
Aim
To design and test the traffic light controller using FPGA board.
Exercise
 Write the verilog code to implement different sequences of traffic light.
 Synthesis, simulate and download the program on the traffic light controller
board.
REQUIREMENT FOR A BATCH OF 30 STUDENTS
S.No. Name of the Equipments Quantity
1. Software – Simulation, Synthesis, back
annotation, place & route
Xlinx ISE (latest version)
5 User
License
(minimum)
2. Spartan 2E boards 5 Nos.
3. Spartan 3 AN boards 1 No.
4. Add – on boards
1. Real - time clock
2. 2. Traffic light control
3. 3. LED displays with switches
4. 4. I/O boards
1 No.
1 No.
1 No.
1 No.
5. Multimeter 2 Nos.
154
EI2406 INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM DESIGN LABORATORY L T P C
0 0 3 2
OBJECTIVE
To have adequate knowledge in design of various signal conditioning circuits.
1. Design of Instrumentation amplifier.
2. Design of active filters.
3. Design of regulated power supply and design of V/I and I/V converters.
4. Design of linearizing circuits and cold – junction compensation circuit for
thermocouples.
5. Design of signal conditioning circuit for strain gauge and RTD.
6. Design of orifice plate and rotameter.
7. Control valve sizing.
8. Design of PID controller (using operational amplifier and microprocessor)
9. Piping and Instrumentation Diagram – case study.
10. Preparation of documentation of instrumentation project and project
scheduling (process flow sheet, instrument index sheet and instrument
specifications sheet, job scheduling, installation procedures and safety
regulations).
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
Detailed Syllabus
1. Design of instrumentation amplifier
Aim
To design an instrumentation amplifier based on the three operational amplifier
configuration with a differential gain of 100.
Exercise
1. Develop the instrumentation amplifier with differential gain of 100 and draw the
input Vs output characteristics of the three operational amplifier based
instrumentation amplifier and make a comment on the response.
2. Compare the performance characteristics of Instrumentation amplifiers with
commercial Monolithic Instrumentation amplifier.
Equipment
1. Dual power supply – 1 No
2. Digital Multimeters – 1 No
3. Resistors – 10 No
4. Operational Amplifiers – 4 No
5. Any commercial Monolithic Instrumentation amplifier - 2 No
2. Design of Active filters
Aim
To design an active first order / second order Butterworth type Low – Pass /
High Pass / Band-pass filter with the following specifications.
Low pass filter : Cut – off frequency : 1 KHz
High pass filter : Cut – off frequency : 1 KHz
Band pass filter : Cut off frequency : 1 KHz < fc < 5 KHz
Exercise
1. Develop an active Butterworth first order (or) second order low pass and / or high
– pass, band pass filter and determine experimentally the frequency response.
155
Equipment
1. Dual power supply - 1 No
2. Operational amplifiers - 2 Nos
3. Resistors - 10 Nos
4. Capacitors - 10 Nos
5. Signal generator - 1 No
6. C.R.O - No
3. Design of regulated power supply and design of V/I and I/V converters
(a) Aim:-
To Design a Regulated Power Supply.
Equipment
1. Diodes IN4007
2.100 μF, 10 μF
3. IC 7805
4. Potentiometer
5. Ammeter and Voltmeter
Exercise
Line Regulation
1. Varying the Input Voltage (0 -15)V.
2. Note down the output voltage
Load Regulation
1. Connect a variable Potentiometer across the output of the RPS.
2. Vary the potentiometer and note down the corresponding output current and
voltage.
(b) Aim
To design a voltage to current converter and a current to voltage converter and
verify the characteristics experimentally.
Objectives
1. To design a voltage to current converter (grounded load) with the
following specification
Input voltage range : (0 – 5) V
Output current range : (4-20) mA (should be independent of load)
2. To design a current to voltage converter with the following specification
Input current range : (4-20) mA
Output voltage range : (0-5) V
Exercise
1. Determine experimentally the characteristics of voltage and current
converter an plot output current versus input voltage and comment on the
response.
2. Determine experimentally the characteristics of current to voltage
converter and plot output voltageVs input current and comment on the
response.
Equipment
1. Resistors - 10 No
2. Operational amplifiers - 5 No
156
3. Transistor (NPN / PNP) - 2 No
4. Dual power supply - 1 No
5. Digital Multimeters - 2 No
6. Loop analyzer - 1 No
4. Design of linearizing circuit and cold-junction compensation circuit for
thermocouple
Aim
To design a cold – junction compensation circuit for thermocouple.
Objective
To design a automatic reference correction circuit for thermocouple.(A
solid – state temperature sensor or RTD can be used for the cold function
measurement)
Exercise
1. Develop the circuit for reference junction compensation.
2. Keep the hot junction temperature at say 4000C.
3. Vary the cold – junction temperature from 30 – 900C and observe the
output voltage for with and without cold-junction compensation.
4. Plot the output voltage versus cold-junction temperature and comment on
the response.
Equipment
1. Thermocouple - 1 Nos
2. Operational amplifier - 3 Nos
3. AD – 590 or RTD - 1 Nos
4. Resistors - 10 Nos
5. Dual power supply - 1 No
6. Multimeters - 1 No
5. Design of signal conditioning circuit for strain gauges and RTD
(a) Aim:
To design Signal Conditioning Circuit for Strain Gauge.
Specification as follows
1. Input Range 0 to 1 Kg
2. Output Voltage 0 to 5 V
3. Device -Bourdon Strain Gauge (350 Ohm)
Equipment
1. Bonded Strain Gauge
2. Loads (100 gm to 1 Kg)
3. Operational Amplifier
4. RPS
5. Resistors
Exercise:
Develop Signal Conditioning Circuits for different loads and plot output voltage
versus Load. Comment on Linearity
(b) Aim
To design a signal conditioning circuit to RTD. The specification are as follows
Temperature Range : 300 C – 1000C (Approximately)
157
Output voltage : 0 – 5 V DC
Sensor : RTD (Pt 100)
Current through RTD : Not to exceed 10mA
Equipment
1. RTD (Pt 100) - 1 No
2. Resistors - ?
3. Operational amplifiers - 4 Nos
3. Dual power supply - 1 No
4. Temperature bath - 1 No
5. Multimeter - 1 No
6. Trim Pot - 3 Nos
Exercise
1. Develop the signal conditioning circuit and plot the output voltage versus
temperature and comment on the linearity.
7. Design of Orifice Plate and Rotameter
Design of Orifice Plate
Aim:
To Design an Orifice Plate for the given Specification.
Equipment
1. Pump and Reservoir
2. Pipeline with Orifice plate
3. Collecting Tank
Exercise:
1. Convert Electrical Signal to Differential Pressure
2. Determine the interval data
3. Calculate D/d
4. Calculate sizing factor
Design of Rotameter
Aim:
To Design a Rotameter for given Specification
Equipment
1. Pump and Reservoir
2. Pipeline with Orifice plate
3. Collecting Tank
Exercise
1. Swithch On the Motor
2. Adjust the Rotameter to read the required flow rate.
3. Start the Timer
4, After 5 Min Note the Head in the tank.
5. Drain the tank.
6. Repeat the Procedure and Calculate Cd in each case
8. Control Valve Sizing
Aim:
To design a Control Valve and Study the flow lift Characteristics
158
Equipment:
1. Linear Control Valve
2. On/OFF Control Valve
3. Air Regulator
4. Rotameter
5. Pump
Exercise
1. By varying the inlet pressure note down the stem moment value and the flow
rate.
2. Draw the Graph for pressure Vs Flow rate, Stem Moment Vs Flow rate
9. Design of PID Controller
Design of PID Controller using Op-Amp
Aim:
1.To the study the response of P,PI,PD ,PID Controllers using Op-Amp
Equipment
1. Signal Generator
2. IC 741
3. Resistors and Capacitors
4. CRO
5. Bread Board
Exercise
1. Design a Analog PID Controller for various values of Kp, Ki, Kd
2. Apply the error Signal from signal Generator (Square, Sine)
3. Note down the response from the CRO.
Design of PID Controller using Microprocessor
Aim:
To the study the response of P, PI, PD ,PID Controllers using Microprocessor.
Equipment
1. Signal Generator
2. Microprocessor based kit with ADC and DAC Section
3. CRO
Exercise:
1. Enter the PID Algorithm in Microprocessor
2. Give the Error Signal to ADC Section of Microprocessor Kit.
3. Execute the Microprocessor Program
4. Note down the output response of PID Controller in the DAC Section
Microprocessor Kit
EI 2407 COMPREHENSION L T P C
0 0 2 1
AIM:
To encourage the students to comprehend the knowledge acquired from the first
Semester to Sixth Semester of B.E Degree Course through periodic exercise.
159
MG2351 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT 9
Definition - Management - Role of managers - Evolution of Management thought -
Organization and the environmental factors – Trends and Challenges of Management in
Global Scenario.
UNIT II PLANNING 9
Nature and purpose of planning - Planning process - Types of plans – Objectives - -
Managing by objective (MBO) Strategies - Types of strategies - Policies - Decision
Making - Types of decision - Decision Making Process - Rational Decision Making
Process - Decision Making under different conditions.
UNIT III ORGANIZING 9
Nature and purpose of organizing - Organization structure - Formal and informal groups I
organization - Line and Staff authority - Departmentation - Span of control -
Centralization and Decentralization - Delegation of authority - Staffing - Selection and
Recruitment - Orientation - Career Development - Career stages – Training - -
Performance Appraisal.
UNIT IV DIRECTING 9
Creativity and Innovation - Motivation and Satisfaction - Motivation Theories -
Leadership Styles - Leadership theories - Communication - Barriers to effective
communication - Organization Culture - Elements and types of culture - Managing
cultural diversity.
UNIT V CONTROLLING 9
Process of controlling - Types of control - Budgetary and non-budgetary control
techniques - Managing Productivity - Cost Control - Purchase Control - Maintenance
Control - Quality Control - Planning operations.
TOTAL= 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Stephen P. Robbins and Mary Coulter, 'Management', Prentice Hall of India,
8th edition.
2. Charles W L Hill, Steven L McShane, 'Principles of Management', Mcgraw Hill
Education, Special Indian Edition, 2007.
REFERENCES:
1. Hellriegel, Slocum & Jackson, ' Management - A Competency Based Approach',
Thomson South Western, 10th edition, 2007.
2. Harold Koontz, Heinz Weihrich and Mark V Cannice, 'Management - A global
& Entrepreneurial Perspective', Tata Mcgraw Hill, 12th edition, 2007.
3. Andrew J. Dubrin, 'Essentials of Management', Thomson Southwestern, 7th
edition, 2007.
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CS2021 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I PROBLEM SOLVING 9
Introduction – Agents – Problem formulation – uninformed search strategies – heuristics
– informed search strategies – constraint satisfaction
UNIT II KNOWLEDGE AND REASONING 9
Logical agents – propositional logic – inferences – first-order logic – inference in firstorder
logic – forward chaining – backward chaining – resolution
UNIT III PLANNING 9
Planning with state-space search – partial-order planning – planning graphs – planning
and acting in the real world
UNIT IV UNCERTAIN KNOWLEDGE AND REASONING 9
Uncertainty – review of probability - probabilistic Reasoning – Bayesian networks –
inferences in Bayesian networks – Temporal models – Hidden Markov models
UNIT V LEARNING 9
Learning from observation - Inductive learning – Decision trees – Explanation based
learning – Statistical Learning methods - Reinforcement Learning
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. S. Russel and P. Norvig, “Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach”, Second
Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
REFERENCES
1. David Poole, Alan Mackworth, Randy Goebel, ”Computational Intelligence : a logical
approach”, Oxford University Press, 1998.
2. G. Luger, “Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for complex problem
solving”, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education, 2002.
3. J. Nilsson, “Artificial Intelligence: A new Synthesis”, Elsevier Publishers, 1998.
CS2022 COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I INSTRUCTION SET ARCHITECTURE 9
Introduction to computer architecture - Review of digital design – Instructions and
addressing – procedures and data – assembly language programs – instruction set
variations
UNIT II ARITHMETIC/LOGIC UNIT 9
Number representation – design of adders – design of simple ALUs – design of
Multipliers and dividers – design of floating point arithmetic unit
UNIT III DATA PATH AND CONTROL 9
Instruction execution steps – control unit synthesis – microprogramming – pipelining –
pipeline performance
161
UNIT IV MEMORY SYSTEM 9
Main Memory concepts – types of memory – cache memory organization – secondary
storage – virtual memory – paging
UNIT V I/O AND INTERFACES 9
I/O devices – I/O programming – polling – interrupts – DMA – buses – links – interfacing
– context switching – threads and multithreading
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. B. Parhami, “Computer Architecture”, Oxford University Press, 2005.
2. Carl Hamacher, Zvonko Vranesic and Safwat Zaky, “Computer Organization”, Fifth
Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2002.
REFERENCES
1. David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy, “Computer Organization and Design: The
Hardware/Software interface”, Third Edition, Elsevier, 2004.
2. William Stallings, “Computer Organization and Architecture – Designing for
Performance”, Seventh Edition, Pearson Education, 2006.
3. Miles Murdocca “Computers Architecture and Organization An Integrated approach”,
Wiley India pvt Ltd, 2007
4. John D. Carpinelli, “Computer systems organization and Architecture”, Pearson
Education, 2001.
CS2023 OPERATING SYSTEM L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To learn the various aspects of operating systems such as process management,
memory management, file systems, and I/O management
UNIT I PROCESSES AND THREADS 9
Introduction to operating systems – review of computer organization – operating system
structures – system calls – system programs – system structure – virtual machines.
Processes: Process concept – Process scheduling – Operations on processes –
Cooperating processes – Interprocess communication – Communication in client-server
systems. Case study: IPC in Linux. Threads: Multi-threading models – Threading issues.
Case Study: Pthreads library
UNIT II PROCESS SCHEDULING AND SYNCHRONIZATION 9
CPU Scheduling: Scheduling criteria – Scheduling algorithms – Multiple-processor
scheduling – Real time scheduling – Algorithm Evaluation. Case study: Process
scheduling in Linux. Process Synchronization: The critical-section problem –
Synchronization hardware – Semaphores – Classic problems of synchronization –
critical regions – Monitors. Deadlock: System model – Deadlock characterization –
Methods for handling deadlocks – Deadlock prevention – Deadlock avoidance –
Deadlock detection – Recovery from deadlock.
162
UNIT III STORAGE MANAGEMENT 9
Memory Management: Background – Swapping – Contiguous memory allocation –
Paging – Segmentation – Segmentation with paging. Virtual Memory: Background –
Demand paging – Process creation – Page replacement – Allocation of frames –
Thrashing. Case Study: Memory management in Linux
UNIT IV FILE SYSTEMS 9
File-System Interface: File concept – Access methods – Directory structure – File -
system mounting – Protection. File-System Implementation : Directory implementation –
Allocation methods – Free-space management – efficiency and performance – recovery
– log-structured file systems. Case studies: File system in Linux – file system in
Windows XP
UNIT V I/O SYSTEMS 9
I/O Systems – I/O Hardware – Application I/O interface – kernel I/O subsystem –
Streams – performance. Mass-Storage Structure: Disk scheduling – Disk management
– Swap-space management – RAID – disk attachment – stable storage – tertiary
storage. Case study: I/O in Linux
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Silberschatz, Galvin, and Gagne, “Operating System Concepts”, Sixth Edition, Wiley
India Pvt Ltd, 2003.
2. D. M. Dhamdhere, “Operating Systems: A concepts based approach”, Second
Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2006.
REFERENCES
1. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Modern Operating Systems”, Second Edition, Pearson
Education/PHI, 2001.
2. Harvey M. Deital, “Operating Systems”, Third Edition, Pearson Education, 2004.
CS2024 VISUAL PROGRAMMING L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To study the principles and techniques of windows programming using MFC,
procedures, resources, controls and database programming through the visual
languages, Visual C++ and Visual Basic.
OBJECTIVES
i. To study about the concepts of windows programming models, MFC
applications, drawing with the GDI, getting inputs from Mouse and the Keyboard.
ii. To study the concepts of Menu basics, menu magic and classic controls of the
windows programming using VC++.
iii. To study the concept of Document/View Architecture with single & multiple
document interface, toolbars, status bars and File I/O Serialization.
iv. To study about the integrated development programming event driven
programming, variables, constants, procedures and basic ActiveX controls in
visual basic.
163
v. To understand the database and the database management system, visual data
manager, data bound controls and ADO controls in VB.
UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF WINDOWS AND MFC 9
Messages - Windows programming - SDK style - Hungarian notation and windows data
types - SDK programming in perspective.The benefits of C++ and MFC - MFC design
philosophy - Document/View architecture - MFC class hierarchy - AFX functions.
Application object - Frame window object - Message map.
Drawing the lines – Curves – Ellipse – Polygons and other shapes. GDI pens – Brushes
- GDI fonts - Deleting GDI objects and deselecting GDI objects. Getting input from the
mouse: Client & Non-client - Area mouse messages - Mouse wheel - Cursor. Getting
input from the keyboard: Input focus - Keystroke messages - Virtual key codes -
Character & dead key messages.
UNIT II RESOURCES AND CONTROLS 9
Creating a menu – Loading and displaying a menu – Responding to menu commands –
Command ranges - Updating the items in menu, update ranges – Keyboard
accelerators. Creating menus programmatically - Modifying menus programmatically -
The system menu - Owner draw menus – Cascading menus - Context menus.
The C button class – C list box class – C static class - The font view application – C edit
class – C combo box class – C scrollbar class. Model dialog boxes – Modeless dialog
boxes.
UNIT III DOCUMENT / VIEW ARCHITECTURE 9
The inexistence function revisited – Document object – View object – Frame window
object – Dynamic object creation. SDI document template - Command routing.
Synchronizing multiple views of a document – Mid squares application – Supporting
multiple document types – Alternatives to MDI. Splitter Windows: Dynamic splitter
window – Static splitter windows.
Creating & initializing a toolbar - Controlling the toolbar’s visibility – Creating & initializing
a status bar - Creating custom status bar panes – Status bar support in appwizard.
Opening, closing and creating the files - Reading & Writing – C file derivatives –
Serialization basics - Writing serializable classes.
UNIT IV FUNDAMENTALS OF VISUAL BASIC 10
Menu bar – Tool bar – Project explorer – Toolbox – Properties window – Form designer
– Form layout – Intermediate window. Designing the user interface: Aligning the controls
– Running the application – Visual development and event driven programming.
Variables: Declaration – Types – Converting variable types – User defined data types -
Lifetime of a variable. Constants - Arrays – Types of arrays. Procedures: Subroutines –
Functions – Calling procedures. Text box controls – List box & Combo box controls –
Scroll bar and slider controls – File controls.
UNIT V DATABASE PROGRAMMING WITH VB 8
Record sets – Data control – Data control properties, methods. Visual data manager:
Specifying indices with the visual data manager – Entering data with the visual data
164
manager. Data bound list control – Data bound combo box – Data bound grid control.
Mapping databases: Database object – Table def object, Query def object.
Programming the active database objects – ADO object model – Establishing a
connection - Executing SQL statements – Cursor types and locking mechanism –
Manipulating the record set object – Simple record editing and updating.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Jeff Prosise, ‘Programming Windows With MFC’, Second Edition, WP Publishers &
Distributors [P] Ltd, Reprinted 2002.
2. Evangelos Petroutsos, ‘Mastering Visual Basic 6.0’, BPB Publications, 2002.
REFENENCES
1. Herbert Schildt, ‘MFC Programming From the Ground Up’, Second Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, reprinted 2002.
2. John Paul Muller, ‘Visual C++ 6 From the Ground Up Second Edition’, Tata McGraw
Hill, Reprinted 2002.
3. Curtis Smith & Micheal Amundsen, ‘Teach Yourself Database Programming with
Visual Basic 6 in 21 days’, Techmedia Pub, 1999.
EI2021 POWER PLANT INSTRUMENTATION L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
The course is designed to familiarize the student with the functions and
instrumentation available in a modern power generation plant.
OBJECTIVES
i. To provide an overview of different methods of power generation with a
particular stress on thermal power generation.
ii. To bring out the various measurements involved in power generation plants.
iii. To provide knowledge about the different types of devices used for analysis.
iv. To inpart knowledge about the different types of controls and control loops.
v. To familiarize the student with the methods of monitoring different parameters
like speed, vibration of turbines and their control
UNIT I OVERVIEW OF POWER GENERATION 9
Brief survey of methods of power generation – hydro, thermal, nuclear, solar and wind
power – importance of instrumentation in power generation – thermal power plants –
building blocks – details of boiler processes UP&I diagram of boiler – cogeneration.
UNIT II MEASUREMENTS IN POWER PLANTS 9
Electrical measurements – current, voltage, power, frequency, power – factor etc. – non
electrical parameters – flow of feed water, fuel, air and steam with correction factor for
temperature – steam pressure and steam temperature – drum level measurement –
radiation detector – smoke density measurement – dust monitor.
UNIT III ANALYZERS IN POWER PLANTS 9
Flue gas oxygen analyser – analysis of impurities in feed water and steam – dissolved
oxygen analyser – chromatography – PH meter – fuel analyser – pollution monitoring
instruments.
165
UNIT IV CONTROL LOOPS IN BOILER 9
Combustion control – air/fuel ratio control – furnace draft control – drum level control –
main stem and reheat steam temperature control – superheater control – attemperator –
deaerator control – distributed control system in power plants – interlocks in boiler
operation.
UNIT V TURBINE – MONITORING AND CONTROL 9
Speed, vibration, shell temperature monitoring and control – steam pressure control –
lubricant oil temperature control – cooling system
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Sam G. Dukelow, ‘The control of Boilers’, Instrument Society of America, 1991.
2. Modern Power Station Practice, Vol.6, Instrumentation, Controls and Testing,
Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1971.
REFERENCES
1. Elonka,S.M.and Kohal A.L.Standard Boiler Operations, McGraw-Hill, New Delhi,
1994.
2. R.K.Jain, Mechanical and industrial Measurements, Khanna Publishers, New
Delhi, 1995.
EI2022 INSTRUMENTATION IN PETRO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To expose the students to the Instrumentation applied in petrochemical industries.
OBJECTIVES
i. To expose the students to the basic processing in petroleum industry.
ii. To provide adequate knowledge about the unit operations.
iii. To impart knowledge pertaining to the petroleum products and the chemicals
obtained from them.
iv. To provide adequate knowledge about the measurement of various parameters
in petrochemical industry.
v. To expose the students to the various control loops in Petrochemical Industry.
UNIT I PETROLEUM PROCESSING 9
Petroleum exploration – Recovery techniques – Oil – Gas separation - Processing wet
gases – Refining of crude oil.
UNIT II OPERATIONS IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY 9
Thermal cracking – Catalytic cracking – Catalytic reforming – Polymerisation –
Alkylation – Isomerization – Production of ethylene, acetylene and propylene from
petroleum.
UNIT III CHEMICALS FROM PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 9
Chemicals from petroleum – Methane derivatives – Acetylene derivatives – Ethylene
derivatives – Propylene derivatives – Other products.
166
UNIT IV MEASUREMENTS IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY 9
Parameters to be measured in refinery and petrochemical industry – Selection and
maintenance of measuring instruments – Intrinsic safety of Instruments.
UNIT V CONTROL LOOPS IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY 9
Process control in refinery and petrochemical industry – Control of distillation column –
Control of catalytic crackers and pyrolysis unit – Automatic control of polyethylene
production – Control of vinyl chloride and PVC production.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. A.L. Waddams, ‘Chemicals from Petroleum’, Butter and Janner Ltd., 1968.
2. J.G. Balchan. and K.I. Mumme, ‘Process Control Structures and Applications’, Van
Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1988.
REFERENCES
1. Austin G.T. Shreeves, ‘Chemical Process Industries’, McGraw Hill International
Student edition, Singapore, 1985.
2. B.G Liptak, ‘Instrumentation in Process Industries’, Chilton Book Company,
1994.
.
EI2023 MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
The course is designed to familiarize the student with the functions and
applications of MEMS.
OBJECTIVES
(i) To study about MEMS and parts of MEMS
(ii) To study the design methodalogy of MEMS for various mechanics.
(iii) To study about actuators in MEMS.
(iv) To study about MEMS based circuits.
(v) To study about optical and RF based MEMS.
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO MEMS 9
MEMS and Microsystems, Miniaturization, Typical products, Micro Sensors,Micro
actuation, MEMS with micro actuators, Microaccelorometers and Micro fluidics, MEMS
materials, Micro Fabrication
UNIT II MECHANICS FOR MEMS DESIGN 9
Elasticity, Stress, strain and material properties, Bending of thin plates, Spring
configurations, torsional deflection, Mechanical vibration, Resonance, Thermo
mechanics – actuators, force and response time, Fracture and thin film mechanics,
material, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical mechanical polishing (CMP)
UNIT III ELECTRO STATIC DESIGN 9
Electrostatics: basic theory, electro static instability, Surface tension, gap and finger pull
up, Electro static actuators, Comb generators, gap closers, rotary motors, inch worms,
Electromagnetic actuators, bistable actuators.
167
UNIT IV CIRCUIT AND SYSTEM ISSUES 9
Electronic interfaces, Feed back systems, Noise, Circuit and system issues,
Case studies –Capacitive accelerometer, Peizo electric pressure sensor, Thermal
sensors, radiation sensors, mechanical sensors, bio-chemical sensors Modeling of
MEMS systems, CAD for MEMS.
UNIT V INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL AND RF MEMS 9
Optical MEMS, system design basics – Gaussian optics, matrix operations, Resolution,
Case studies, MEMS scanners and retinal scanning, display, Digital Micro mirror
devices, RF Memes – design basics, case study – Capacitive RF MEMS switch,
Performance issues.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Stephen Santeria, “Microsystems Design “, Kluwer publishers, 2000.
2. James J.Allen, “Micro electro mechanical system design’, CRC Press published in
2005
REFERENCES
1. Nadim Maluf, “ An introduction to Micro electro mechanical system design”, Artech
House, 2000.
2. Mohamed Gad-el-Hak, editor, “ The MEMS Handbook”, CRC press Baco Raton,
2000
3. Tai Ran Hsu, “MEMS & Micro systems Design and Manufacture” Tata McGraw Hill,
New Delhi, 2002.
4. Julian w. Gardner, Vijay k. varadan, Osama O.Awadelkarim,’Micro sensors MEMS
and smart devices’, John Wiley & son LTD,2002
GE2023 FUNDAMENTAL OF NANOSCIENCE L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Nanoscale Science and Technology- Implications for Physics, Chemistry, Biology and
Engineering-Classifications of nanostructured materials- nano particles- quantum dots,
nanowires-ultra-thinfilms-multilayered materials. Length Scales involved and effect on
properties: Mechanical, Electronic, Optical, Magnetic and Thermal properties.
Introduction to properties and motivation for study (qualitative only).
UNIT II PREPARATION METHODS 10
Bottom-up Synthesis-Top-down Approach: Precipitation, Mechanical Milling, Colloidal
routes, Self-assembly, Vapour phase deposition, MOCVD, Sputtering, Evaporation,
Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Atomic Layer Epitaxy, MOMBE.
UNIT III PATTERNING AND LITHOGRAPHY FOR NANOSCALE DEVICES 7
Introduction to optical/UV electron beam and X-ray Lithography systems and processes,
Wet etching, dry (Plasma /reactive ion) etching, Etch resists-dip pen lithography
168
UNIT IV PREPARATION ENVIRONMENTS 9
Clean rooms: specifications and design, air and water purity, requirements for particular
processes, Vibration free environments: Services and facilities required. Working
practices, sample cleaning, Chemical purification, chemical and biological
contamination, Safety issues, flammable and toxic hazards, biohazards.
UNIT V CHARECTERISATION TECHNIQUES 10
X-ray diffraction technique, Scanning Electron Microscopy - environmental techniques,
Transmission Electron Microscopy including high-resolution imaging, Surface Analysis
techniques- AFM, SPM, STM, SNOM, ESCA, SIMS-Nanoindentation.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. A.S. Edelstein and R.C. Cammearata, eds., Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and
Applications, (Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol and Philadelphia, 1996)
2. N John Dinardo, Nanoscale charecterisation of surfaces & Interfaces, Second edition,
Weinheim Cambridge, Wiley-VCH, 2000
REFERENCES
1. G Timp (Editor), Nanotechnology, AIP press/Springer, 1999
2. Akhlesh Lakhtakia (Editor) The Hand Book of Nano Technology, “Nanometer
Structure”, Theory, Modeling and Simulations. Prentice-Hall of India (P) Ltd, New
Delhi, 2007.
EC2021 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To introduce the concept of analyzing the digital image fundamentals and digital
image processing.
OBJECTIVES
i. To study the digital image fundamentals and its applications.
ii. To study various filters used in digital image processing.
iii. To study about the segmentation & representation schemes.
iv. To study about recognition & interpretation methods.
v. To study about imagecompression.
UNIT I DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS 9
Elements of visual perception, psycho visual model, brightness, contrast, hue,
saturation, mach band effect, Color image fundamentals -RGB,HSI models, Image
sampling, Quantization, dither, Two-dimensional mathematical formulation.
UNIT II IMAGE TRANSFORMS 9
1D DFT, 2D transforms – DFT, DCT, Discrete Sine, Walsh, Hadamard, Slant, Haar,
KLT, SVD, Wavelet Transform.
UNIT III IMAGE ENHANCEMENT AND RESTORATION 9
Histogram modification and specification techniques, Noise distributions, Spatial
averaging, Directional Smoothing, Median and filters, Homomorphic filtering, Color
image enhancement. Image Restoration – degradation model, Inverse filtering – removal
169
of blur, Wiener filtering, Geometric transformations – spatial transformations, Gray-Level
interpolation,
UNIT IV IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND RECOGNITION 9
Edge detection. Image segmentation by region growing, region splitting and merging,
edge linking.. Image Recognition – Patterns and pattern classes, Matching by minimum
distance classifier, Matching by correlation, Image classification using neural network.
UNIT V IMAGE COMPRESSION 9
Need for data compression, Huffman,. Run Length Encoding, Shift codes, Arithmetic
coding, Vector Quantization, Block Truncation Coding. Transform Coding – DCT and
Wavelet. JPEG, MPEG. Standards, principles of Context based Compression.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. William K.Pratt, ‘ Digital Image Processing’, John Wiley, NewYork,2002.
2. Anil K. Jain, ‘Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing’, Prentice Hall of India, 2002.
REFERENCES
1. David Salomon : Data Compression – The Complete Reference, Springer Verlag
New York Inc., 2nd Edition, 2001
2. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, Steven Eddins, ‘ Digital Image Processing
using MATLAB’, Pearson Education, Inc., 2004.
3. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, ‘Digital Image Processing’, Pearson
Education, Inc., Second Edition, 2004
4. Milman Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac, Roger Boyle, ‘Image Processing, Analysis, and
Machine Vision’, Brooks/Cole, Vikas Publishing House, II ed., 1999.
5. Sid Ahmed, M.A., ‘Image Processing Theory, Algorithms and Architectures’,
McGraw-Hill, 1995.
EC2022 ADVANCED COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To understand the advanved communication engineering concepts.
OBJECTIVES
i. To have a detailed knowledge of various spread spectrum techniques.
ii. To understand the basic principles of mobile communication and bluetooth
technology.
iii. To have an exposure towards the high performance communication networks –
ATM and ISDN
iv. To understand the operation of Radar and Navigationational aids.
UNIT I SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION 9
Spread spectrum techniques-spreading techniques-PN sequences-DSSS, RHSS-use of
spread spectrum with CDMA
UNIT II MOBILE COMMUNICATION 9
Basic cellular system-performance criteria-operation of cellular system-cell splittinginterference
GSM, GPRS, Blue tooth-the link controller, the link manager, the host
controller interface, LLCAP, WLL, Multiple access techniques
170
UNIT III ATM 9
ATM’s position in OSL model-B-ISDN protocol reference model-ATM functions and
layers-ATM signaling principles, TM operation and maintenance-ATM protocol stack:
lower layers, fibre based networks and its advantages-ATM physical layer media
UNIT IV ISDN 9
ISDN standards, ISDN interface and functions-UNI-ISDN proctol architecture, ISDN
physical layer, ISDN dataline layer-Network interface
UNIT V RADAR AND NAVIGATIONAL AIDS 9
Radar block diagram and operation-Radar range equation-Prediction of range
performance-Minimum detectable signal-Pulse repetition frequency and range
ambiguities-CW and FM CW radar-Synthetic aperature and air surveillance radar-ECCM
and bistatic radar
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. M.I. SKOLNIK, Introduction toRadar-Mc Graw Hill and Edition
2. William C.Y.Lee, Mobile Cellular Telecommunications system-Mc Graw Hill
International Ed. 1990
3. Simon Haykin, ‘Digital communications’, John Wiley and Sons, 1988
4. William Stallings,’ISDN and BISDN’ Macmillan Publishers, 1995
REFERENCES
1. Jennifer Bray and Charles F. Sturman, ‘Bluetooth’, Pearson EducationAsia, 2001.
EC2023 ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING L T P C
3 0 0 3
[Review of discrete-time signals and systems- DFT and FFT, Z-Transform, Digital Filters
is recommended]
AIM
To provide adequate knowledge in Random signal processing.
OBJECTIVES
i. Detail study of time averaging , ensamble averaging & study of power
spectral density.
ii. Detail study of parametric & non – parametric estimation
iii. Detail study of adaptive filters & its applications
iv. Introduction study of multivariable digital signal processing.
UNIT I DISCRETE RANDOM SIGNAL PROCESSING 9
Discrete Random Processes- Ensemble averages, stationary processes, Autocorrelation
and Auto covariance matrices. Parseval's Theorem, Wiener-Khintchine Relation- Power
Spectral Density-Periodogram Spectral Factorization, Filtering random processes. Low
Pass Filtering of White Noise. Parameter estimation: Bias and consistency.
171
UNIT II SPECTRUM ESTIMATION 9
Estimation of spectra from finite duration signals, Non-Parametric Methods-Correlation
Method , Periodogram Estimator, Performance Analysis of Estimators -Unbiased,
Consistent Estimators- Modified periodogram, Bartlett and Welch methods, Blackman –
Tukey method. Parametric Methods - AR, MA, ARMA model based spectral estimation.
Parameter Estimation -Yule-Walker equations, solutions using Durbin’s algorithm
UNIT III LINEAR ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION 9
Linear prediction- Forward and backward predictions, Solutions of the Normal equations-
Levinson-Durbin algorithms. Least mean squared error criterion -Wiener filter for filtering
and prediction , FIR Wiener filter and Wiener IIR filters.
UNIT IV ADAPTIVE FILTERS 9
FIR adaptive filters -adaptive filter based on steepest descent method-Widrow-Hoff LMS
adaptive algorithm, Normalized LMS. Adaptive channel equalization-Adaptive echo
cancellation-Adaptive noise cancellation- Adaptive recursive filters (IIR).
UNIT V MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 9
Mathematical description of change of sampling rate - Interpolation and Decimation ,
Decimation by an integer factor - Interpolation by an integer factor, Sampling rate
conversion by a rational factor, Filter implementation for sampling rate conversion- direct
form FIR structures, Polyphase filter structures, time-variant structures. Multistage
implementation of multirate system.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Monson H.Hayes, ‘Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling’, John Wiley
and Sons, Inc., Singapore, 2002.
2. John G. Proakis, Dimitris G.Manolakis, ‘Digital Signal Processing’, Pearson
Education, 2002.
REFERENCES
1. John G. Proakis et.al.’Algorithms for Statistical Signal Processing’, Pearson
Education, 2002.
2. Dimitris G.Manolakis et.al.’ Statistical and adaptive signal Processing’, McGraw Hill,
Newyork, 2000.
3. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, ‘Digital Image Processing’, Pearson
Education, Inc., Second Edition, 2004.( For Wavelet Transform Topic)
172
EC2024 ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To provide comprehensive knowledge of robotics in the design, analysis and control
point of view.
OBJECTIVES
i. To study the various parts of robots and fields of robotics.
ii. To study the various kinematics and inverse kinematics of robots.
iii. To study the Euler, Lagrangian formulation of Robot dynamics.
iv. To study the trajectory planning for robot.
v. To study the control of robots for some specific applications.
UNIT I BASIC CONCEPTS 9
Definition and origin of robotics – different types of robotics – various generations of
robots – degrees of freedom – Asimov’s laws of robotics – dynamic stabilization of
robots.
UNIT II POWER SOURCES AND SENSORS 9
Hydraulic, pneumatic and electric drives – determination of HP of motor and gearing
ratio – variable speed arrangements – path determination – micro machines in robotics –
machine vision – ranging – laser – acoustic – magnetic, fiber optic and tactile sensors.
UNIT III MANIPULATORS, ACTUATORS AND GRIPPERS 9
Construction of manipulators – manipulator dynamics and force control – electronic and
pneumatic manipulator control circuits – end effectors – U various types of grippers –
design considerations.
UNIT IV KINEMATICS AND PATH PLANNING 9
Solution of inverse kinematics problem – multiple solution jacobian work envelop – hill
climbing techniques – robot programming languages
UNIT V CASE STUDIES 9
Mutiple robots – machine interface – robots in manufacturing and non- manufacturing
applications – robot cell design – selection of robot.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Mikell P. Weiss G.M., Nagel R.N., Odraj N.G., ‘Industrial Robotics’, McGraw-Hill
Singapore, 1996.
2. Ghosh, ‘Control in Robotics and Automation: Sensor Based Integration,’ Allied
Publishers, Chennai, 1998.
REFERENCES
1. Deb.S.R., Robotics technology and flexible Automation, John Wiley, USA 1992.
2. Asfahl C.R., Robots and manufacturing Automation, John Wiley, USA 1992.
3. Klafter R.D., Chimielewski T.A., Negin M., Robotic Engineering – An integrated
approach, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1994.
4. Mc Kerrow P.J.’ Introduction to Robotics’, Addison Wesley, USA, 1991.
173
GE2022 TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Introduction - Need for quality - Evolution of quality - Definition of quality - Dimensions of
manufacturing and service quality - Basic concepts of TQM - Definition of TQM – TQM
Framework - Contributions of Deming, Juran and Crosby – Barriers to TQM.
UNIT II TQM PRINCIPLES 9
Leadership – Strategic quality planning, Quality statements - Customer focus –
Customer orientation, Customer satisfaction, Customer complaints, Customer retention -
Employee involvement – Motivation, Empowerment, Team and Teamwork, Recognition
and Reward, Performance appraisal - Continuous process improvement – PDSA cycle,
5s, Kaizen - Supplier partnership – Partnering, Supplier selection, Supplier Rating.
UNIT III TQM TOOLS & TECHNIQUES I 9
The seven traditional tools of quality – New management tools – Six-sigma: Concepts,
methodology, applications to manufacturing, service sector including IT – Bench marking
– Reason to bench mark, Bench marking process – FMEA – Stages, Types.
UNIT IV TQM TOOLS & TECHNIQUES II 9
Quality circles – Quality Function Deployment (QFD) – Taguchi quality loss function –
TPM – Concepts, improvement needs – Cost of Quality – Performance measures.
UNIT V QUALITY SYSTEMS 9
Need for ISO 9000- ISO 9000-2000 Quality System – Elements, Documentation, Quality
auditing- QS 9000 – ISO 14000 – Concepts, Requirements and Benefits – Case studies
of TQM implementation in manufacturing and service sectors including IT.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Dale H.Besterfiled, et at., “Total Quality Management”, Pearson Education Asia,
Third Edition, Indian Reprint (2006).
2. Suganthi,L and Anand Samuel, “Total Quality Management”, Prentice Hall (India)
Pvt. Ltd. (2006)
REFERENCES
1. James R. Evans and William M. Lindsay, “The Management and Control of Quality”,
(6th Edition), South-Western (Thomson Learning), 2005.
2. Oakland, J.S. “TQM – Text with Cases”, Butterworth – Heinemann Ltd., Oxford, Third
Edition (2003).
3. Janakiraman,B and Gopal, R.K, “Total Quality Management – Text and Cases”,
Prentice Hall (India) Pvt. Ltd. (2006)
174
GE2021 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I ENGINEERING ETHICS 9
Senses of ‘Engineering Ethics’ – Variety of moral issues – Types of inquiry – Moral
dilemmas – Moral Autonomy – Kohlberg’s theory – Gilligan’s theory – Consensus and
Controversy – Professions and Professionalism – Professional Ideals and Virtues –
Uses of Ethical Theories
UNIT II ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION 9
Engineering as Experimentation – Engineers as responsible Experimenters – Research
Ethics - Codes of Ethics – Industrial Standards - A Balanced Outlook on Law – The
Challenger Case Study
UNIT III ENGINEER’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETY 9
Safety and Risk – Assessment of Safety and Risk – Risk Benefit Analysis – Reducing
Risk – The Government Regulator’s Approach to Risk - Chernobyl Case Studies and
Bhopal
UNIT IV RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS 9
Collegiality and Loyalty – Respect for Authority – Collective Bargaining – Confidentiality
– Conflicts of Interest – Occupational Crime – Professional Rights – Employee Rights –
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) - Discrimination
UNIT V GLOBAL ISSUES 9
Multinational Corporations – Business Ethics - Environmental Ethics – Computer Ethics -
Role in Technological Development – Weapons Development – Engineers as Managers
– Consulting Engineers – Engineers as Expert Witnesses and Advisors – Honesty –
Moral Leadership – Sample Code of Conduct
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Mike Martin and Roland Schinzinger, “Ethics in Engineering”, McGraw Hill, New York
(2005).
2. Charles E Harris, Michael S Pritchard and Michael J Rabins, “Engineering Ethics –
Concepts and Cases”, Thompson Learning, (2000).
REFERENCES
1. Charles D Fleddermann, “Engineering Ethics”, Prentice Hall, New Mexico, (1999).
2. John R Boatright, “Ethics and the Conduct of Business”, Pearson Education, (2003)
3. Edmund G Seebauer and Robert L Barry, “Fundamentals of Ethics for Scientists and
Engineers”, Oxford University Press, (2001)
4. Prof. (Col) P S Bajaj and Dr. Raj Agrawal, “Business Ethics – An Indian Perspective”,
Biztantra, New Delhi, (2004)
5. David Ermann and Michele S Shauf, “Computers, Ethics and Society”, Oxford
University Press, (2003)
175
IC2021 DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEM L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To provide sound knowledge on the principles of discrete data control system
OBJECTIVES
i. To study the importance of sample data control system.
ii. To give adequate knowledge about signal processing in digital control.
iii. To study the importance of modeling of discrete systems and stability analysis of
discrete data system.
iv. To study the importance of state space representation for discrete data system.
v. To introduce the design concept for digital controllers.
UNIT I COMPUTER CONTROLLED SYSTEM 9
Configuration of the basic digital control scheme – general sampled data system
variables – signal classifications – why use digital control system – Advantages –
disadvantages – examples of discrete data and digital control systems.
UNIT II SIGNAL PROCESSING IN DIGITAL CONTROL 9
Sampling process – Frequency domain analysis – ideal samples – Shanon’s sampling
theorem – generation and solution of process – linear difference equations – data
reconstruction process – frequency domain characteristics.
UNIT III DISCRETE SYSTEM MODELLING 9
Determination of the  transform – mapping between s and  domains -  transform
of system equations – open loop Hybrid sampled Data Control Systems – open loop
discrete Input Data Control System – closed loop sampled data control system –
modified  transform method – response between sampling instants – stability on the  -
plane and jury’s stability test – steady state error analysis for stable systems.
UNIT IV STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS 9
State descriptions of digital processors – conversion of state variable models to transfer
functions – conversion of transfer functions to canonical state variable models – first
comparison form – second companion form – Jordon Canonical form – state description
of sampled continuous time plants – solution of state difference equations – closed form
solution – state transition matrix – Caley Hamilton Technique – concept of controllability
and absorbability – loss of controllability and absorbability due to sampling.
UNIT V DESIGN OF DIGITAL CONTROL 9
Digital PI, PD and PID Controller – Position and velocity forms – state regulator design
– design of state observers – dead beat control by state feed back and dead beat
observers.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. C.M. Houpis, G.B. Lamount, ‘Digital Control Systems-Theory, Hardware, Software’,
International Student Edition, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1985.
2. M.Gopal, ‘Digital Control and State Variables Methods’, Tata McGraw HILL, 2nd
Edition, 2003.
REFERENCES
1. B.C. Kuo, “Digital control systems”, Second Edition, Oxford University press, 1992.
2. P.B. Deshpande and R.H. Ash, ‘Computer Process Control’, ISA Publication, USA,
1995.
176
CS2025 APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
To cater the knowledge of Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic Control, Genetic
Algorithm and Evolutionary Programming and their applications for controlling real time
systems.
OBJECTIVES
i. To expose the concepts of feed forward neural networks.
ii. To provide adequate knowledge about feed back neural networks.
iii. To teach about the concept of fuzziness involved in various systems.
iv. To provide adequate knowledge about fuzzy set theory.
v. To expose the ideas of GA and EP in optimization and control.
UNIT I ANN - INTRODUCTION 9
Introduction – Biological neuron – Artificial neuron – Neuron modeling – Learning rules –
Single layer – Multi layer feed forward network – Back propagation – Learning factors.
UNIT II ANN - ARCHITECTURE AND APPLICATIONS 9
Feedback networks – Discrete time Hopfield networks – Transient response of
continuous time networks – Process modeling using ANN- Neuro controller for inverted
pendulum.
UNIT III FUZZY SYSTEMS 9
Classical sets – Fuzzy sets – Fuzzy relations – Fuzzification - Membership functions
– Defuzzification – Methods of defuzzification – Fuzzy rules.
UNIT IV FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL 9
Membership function – Knowledge base – Decision-making logic – Optimisation of
membership function using neural networks – Adaptive fuzzy system.- FLC for inverted
pendulum- Home heating system- Introduction to Neuro-fuzzy systems.
UNIT V OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES 9
Gradient Search – Non-gradient search – Genetic Algorithms: Operators, search
algorithm, penalty – Evolutionary Programming: Operators, Search Algorithms
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Laurance Fausett, ‘Fundamentals of Neural Networks’, Pearson Education, 2004.
2. Timothy J. Ross, ‘Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications’, McGraw Hill, 1997.
3. David Goldberg, “Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning’,
Pearson Education, 2007.
REFERENCES
1 J.S.R.Jang, C.T.Sun and E.Mizutani, ‘ Neuro- Fuzzy and Soft Computing’ Pearson
Education, New Delhi, 2004
2. Jacek M. Zurada, ‘Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems’, Jaico Publishing home,
2002.
3. John Yen and Reza Langari, ‘Fuzzy Logic – Intelligence, Control and Information’,
Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2003.
4. Robert J.Schalkoff, ‘ Artifical Neural Networks’, McGraw Hill, 1997.